First of all a few Facts about Hypnosis: First of all a few Facts about Hypnosis:
Analytical & Suggestion Therapy
There are generally two types of therapy used, Analytical therapy is where the Therapist searches for the Source (Root) of the problem based on the theory 'Cause and Effect'. The Cause was some time in the past, add to this an emotional situation occurring and then it being hidden away in the subconscious, this is then forgotten about (but not erased!), sometimes often compounded at a later date by another problem - which in turn can lead false trails to the cause, although we know the Phobia , Compulsive Disorder or what ever the Effect what we have is not rational, we do not know why, it is up to the therapist to help identify the Root Cause.
Suggestion therapy is about being given positive suggestions which will alter the way you think about things, you create the new picture within the mind, so it will change the perspective of how things are viewed in the future, generally the more vivid the picture the better the result will be.
Hypnotherapist's are not G.Ps or surgeons they do not diagnose, do not prescribe medication nor cut away infected areas, there are very few doctors who either practice hypnosis or indeed even understand it. Hypnosis should be used as a Complementary Therapy and should not be used instead of or before seeking advice/treatment from your G. P.
All too often you will have heard from someone or experienced yourself a visit to see their G. P. and told that the problem is psychosomatic and that there is nothing they can or will do for them. Hypnosis is the usually the last port of call out of desperation! A lot is expected in the shortest time possible especially when all else has failed, unfortunately for some people, some problems take several sessions to get to the route of the problem, hypnosis can help with a multitude of problems and although some people seem to have wonderful and successful results hypnosis however is not a Miracle Cure. Mind controls the body and has a very strong influence over it whereas the body has only a small influence over the mind. Hypnotists try to treat the Mind because they know, the mind and body must live together in harmony, you must treat not only the body but also the mind and the emotions.
HYPNOSIS IS THE ONLY NATURAL METHOD OF CURATIVE TREATMENT
Unfortunately even after many years of trying to teach these basic truths to the mainstream medical profession they seem unable to learn this.
There is the body and the mind. The mind and the body have a very strong influence on each other, you cannot effectively treat one, without treating the other. You must treat them as a whole not as separate unit. Although there are varied methods of inducing hypnosis the method used by most is deep relaxation followed by Suggestion Therapy.
Some Signs of Hypnotic Trance
There are several outward signs of trance that can be observed in all subjects. These signs can not be simulated by the subject. The subject will exhibit at least one, and in many cases, multiple signs.
Body Warmth: Many subjects note a distinct change in body temperature. Many subjects feel cold, and others feel warm. This is attributed to the lower pulse rate and extreme relaxation of the subject.
Fluttering Eyelids (R. E. M.): Virtually all subjects in trance exhibit a 'fluttering of eyelids'. The subject is actually in R. E. M. state. (Rapid Eye Movement).
Reddening of the eye: All subjects will demonstrate a reddening of the eyes once they've entered trance. This phenomenon is attributed to the relaxation of the muscles in the eyes of the subject, allowing a greater flow of blood through the veins.
Increased Lacrimation : Many subjects, upon entering trance, will exhibit an increased 'tearing of the eyes.' This is attributed to the relaxation of the muscles surrounding the tear ducts.
Eyes Rolling Back : Many subjects, upon entering trance, will experience their eyes rolling back in their head. It will appear as if the subject is looking up through the top of his head.
Treatments
Hypnosis and hypnotherapy have been used to help a vast array of problems including:
These are but a few of the problems or behaviours hypnosis has been used to successfully help correct - It is amazing these problems mostly originate within the unconscious control of the subconscious mind.
People are generally very surprised when told that the hypnosis used by the stage hypnotist is exactly the same as that used by the therapist. It is the presentation and the way used that makes it appear different.
Self Hypnosis
It is a popular belief that ALL Hypnosis is Self Hypnosis which is the school of thought that I am akin too. In my opinion the role of the hypnotist is for them to guide you along a series of paths which will help you reach your chosen goal.
Self hypnosis is a completely safe, natural, everyday phenomena, experienced by all of us in one way or another. It may be accurately defined as: “A state of relaxation and concentration at one with a state of heightened awareness, induced by suggestion.” There is no special skill or knowledge needed to practise self hypnosis. It is merely a natural extension of the relaxation techniques, described earlier. Having become deeply relaxed, counting down from five to zero and focusing on the idea of each count being a step deeper into relaxation and calm, is all that is required to achieve the state we call hypnosis.
From that point on, self hypnosis is all about giving yourself positive suggestions aimed at the subconscious mind. Because you are using self hypnosis to help manage stress the suggestions will be about stress coping skills.
For example: “I feel calm and assertive when I am criticised at home and work.”
ALWAYS BE POSITIVE NEVER NEGATIVE. PARENTS TURN THEIR BRILLIANT CHILDREN INTO DUNCES BY ALWAYS TELLING THEM THAT THEY WILL NEVER BE SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE THEY ARE DIM!!
Stress
These few notes are by no means the definitive for what is the causation of stress, for this reason the following notes are a generalisation and not aimed at any specific cause.
The Physiology of Stress
The internal process that stress has on the human body, is an extremely prompt, speedy and efficient one which starts, the instant we perceive the challenge. Note the word perceive, because it doesn’t have to be a “real” challenge – merely a perceived one. The challenge, or out of the ordinary demand, sets off a chain reaction of bodily processes which produce an upsurge in strength and energy(adrenalin), the two things we need for the flight or fight responses, of course. But that same surge of energy has no outlet when the chains of civilisation restrain us from fleeing or fighting and as a result weare filled with the all too familiar sensations of frustration and pent up anxiety. We find ourselves unable to run and unable to fight, yet at the same time having to deal with the very same chemical reactions that gave our ancestors the strength to fight and the energy to take flight. We only need to IMAGINE an out of the ordinary demand to place our system on “stress alert.” Some inner impatience, anger or anxiety is enough to produce the same chain reaction of body chemistry. This makes it perfectly possible to create a vicious circle of producing stress from – AN ANXIETY ABOUT STRESS.
Stress Response Choices
We do however have some other choices which are appropriate to 21st century living. We have several in fact, but some are unhealthy choices which in the long term cause far more problems than they solve. Examples of unhealthy choices are smoking, alcohol abuse, over eating, drug misuse etc.
Examples of healthy choices are, relaxation and exercise, because with these we are disconnecting and recharging our systems instead of allowing the energy to build up and overload the system. We must either use up the energy or turn it off(unplug from our environment). In fact the whole art of stress management is about learning how to control our responses to stress. We cannot remove stress or remove ourselves from all the sources of stress. But stress only becomes harmful when it is uncontrolled and at an unhealthy level. So learning how to control or manage stress is all that we need to concern ourselves with anyway. The recognition of this fact is the first step towards reducing the harmful effects of stress in your life.
Sources of Stress.
The second step is to recognise the various sources of stress. They can be divided into four main groups:
The personality factors are those which arise from our values, beliefs and behaviour patterns. Your value system is the deepest level of your personality, and from them beliefs are formed which in turn produce behaviour patterns. Trying to alter behaviour without understanding or changing your values and beliefs is doomed to failure. Real change comes from making changes at the deeper levels of your personality. Example: low self esteem is formed from certain values and beliefs we hold about ourselves and our world and low self esteem produces stress. To tackle this source of stress we need to learn more about the underlying values and belief which are producing the loss of self esteem and where appropriate, reconstruct them. Stress management explores various techniques for doing this. Research by two American doctors, Holme and Rahe, produced a scale of life events, which were valued according to the amount of adjustment needed to cope with them, death of a spouse or child came out on top, followed by divorce, separation and imprisonment. At the other end of the scale, the two doctors listed changes in eating habits, taking a vacation and even Christmas. Environmental sources of stress are things like inadequate housing, unpleasant or unhealthy working conditions, crowded public transport and that sort of thing. What is not quite so obvious and easy to recognise about some of them is that we sometimes pretend to actually enjoy them for example, some commuters get a buzz out of the mad rush and the crowded trains. It becomes a way of life to boast about, giving a sense of pride at ones ability to “take it” and cope with it all. Underneath this superficial level of enjoyment, the stress factors are still operating and taking their toll. The person who recognises them and learns to manage the stress responses will be OK, but the person who goes on ignoring them, pretending they do not exist, is undoubtedly heading for trouble some sources of stress are substances which act upon our central nervous system to produce the symptoms of stress and anxiety. Many such substances are harmless or even beneficial when taken in relatively small doses these are things such as caffeine; which is in coffee, coca cola and tea, it is a stimulant which boosts the output of stress hormones. Initially it will make you more alert but later, especially when consumed in large quantities, it will produce symptoms of irritability and cause sleeplessness.
Recognising Stress Symptoms
Becoming aware of your own stress responses is not quite as easy as it sounds. Stress distorts perception. We do not notice what is happening as we keep driving ourselves harder. The more stressed we are, the less chance we have of noticing it. Psychologists sometimes talk about different personality types in relation to stress response. One type is very ambitious, competitive, hard working, impatient and aggressive, actually thrive on stress, getting a “high” from a stress hormone known as noradrenalin.
Such a personality can become hooked on this substance and they seem to produce it in greater quantities than other personality types. Another type of person, often labelled “the over achiever” is equally at risk. This type of person gives the impression of always calmly coping with everything life throws at them. Being tough, proud of being able to withstand the pressure. They will deny the dangers of stress and disapprove of others who “give in”, considering that to be a sign of weakness.
They are generally unable to admit to any personal limitations of vulnerability. In reality, pure examples of these character types are rare, most people combining and exhibiting the different qualities according to changing circumstances. Nevertheless, the beliefs that, “stress is something which doesn’t affect me” or “something I just have to grin and bear”, illustrated by both of these personality types, are extremely widespread.
Stress Symptoms
These can be physical, psychological, or behavioural. Here are some common physical stress symptoms: Chronic stomach upsets, ulcers, bowel disorders, blood pressure, skin rashes, irregular breathing, impotency, insomnia, fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome. Examples of psychological symptoms are, impatience, restlessness, frustration, hostility, and anger, loss of control, apathy, boredom, guilt, shame, helplessness, hopelessness, depression and mood swings. Examples of behavioural symptoms are: Leaving important things undone, panicking, allowing insufficient time to get to work or to appointments, talking too fast, arguing for the sake of arguing, losing your sense of humour, over reacting with emotional outbursts, suspicions, difficulty with decision making, memory loss, inability to concentrate, loss of discriminatory power, poor judgment, erratic or uncharacteristic behaviour.Scripts*Some of the Hypnosis Scripts below are mine some are of unknown origin* Hypnotic Script Example - Pain Control
**It is important that you do not use hypnosis to mask pain where you aren't sure of the cause. Pain is important to tell you that there is something wrong with you body**.
However you are able to use hypnosis safely if you want to remove a specific problem that you are already aware of if in doubt you should see you G.P first about your problem. That being said there is no need to resort to woofing down copious amounts of pain killers once you are sure you know the origin of the pain.
First of all get yourself in a comfortable position, loosen any tight clothing and if you wish also remove your shoes. When ready to proceed listen to some relaxing music and go through the mental and physical relaxation routine as above. Once suitably relaxed use the following script:
You know your XXXXXXXXX problem is there, you do not need your XXXXXXXX problem any more. You know your subconscious mind works for you to keep you safe both day and night, just as it controls your breathing, heartbeat and blood circulating working tirelessly for your benefit you know you can rely on your subconscious to tell you of any changes that you need to be warned of. You do not need your XXXXXXXXX problem anymore, you know it is there, you do not need it because you are working together with your subconscious mind you are correcting it. If you need to be warned of a change you will have a tingling sensation in that area instead. Any new problem will taken care of, you know that your natural pain warning signals will not be affected in anyway. You no longer feel any pain in connection with your XXXXXXXXXX pain anymore. Now just concentrate on your breathing for a few moments, breathing easily and deeply, so calm......... ,so relaxed........ feeling the air go in through your mouth, notice how the air you breath in is cool...........and the air you breath out is warmer........just concentrate on your breathing now for a few moments longer.................breathing in nice clean air ........ as breath out...... all the pain being blown away..............in......... and out............feeling calm, relaxed and at ease. I want you to concentrate on a ray of healing light, the healing light going directly to the area where the pain was now give the light a colour, make it brighter now ........ the whole area now covered in this bright wonderful healing light. See now a rapid and instantaneous healing with the healing light. Feel all tension leaving the area. All pain is completely gone from the area. Feeling calm, relaxed and completely painless breathing deeply and calmly it is as though the entire area has been anesthetized. Your body functioning normally now. You have complete control and response of your muscles and nervous system but you have no pain. Do no call back the pain. You do not need it. You do not want it. It no longer belongs to you.
Insomnia
Visualize that you are a sponge being wrung of stress, down and out your toes. Take 3 deep breaths and "sleep now". Hear my voice only until your relaxation therapy is complete, then you will go into a deep easy natural sleep.
Because you want to get a full nights sleep, and because you want to awaken in the morning feeling completely refreshed, rested and full of pep and energy, each night as you retire you relax every muscle in your body by taking 3 deep breaths. After each breath you say to yourself sleep now. An let every muscle and nerve go loose and limp. After the third breath you are so completely relaxed you immediately drift off into a deep and restful slumber which remains unbroken until morning. Only an emergency awakens you and if this happens you return to bed after attending it and go to sleep within 60 seconds. It is easy for you to relax and go to sleep because you expect to sleep. Throughout your sleep, you are contented and pleasantly relaxed.
You always relax completely upon taking 3 deep breaths and at bedtime you always go to sleep as you relax. You sleep soundly and comfortably and without effort. Throughout your sleep you feel calm, contented and relaxed and you carry this calm, contented sense of relaxation over into you waking hours. You always awaken at your usual rising time and feel wonderful! Completely relaxed, rested, alert and cheerful! Your eyes open, you sit up and put your feet on the floor immediately, you stretch, and you feel good. Really ready for another wonderful day. You thoroughly enjoy your deep restful sleep and at bedtime you just take 3 deep breaths and think "sleep now" after each breath, and you go to sleep automatically. All of these thoughts come to you when you relax and say "sleep now".
I am now going to bring you through the colours of the rainbow. The colours are red/orange, yellow/green, blue, purple/lavender, and white. As I go through the colours you will go deeper and deeper into natural sleep. On the colour white you will easily and gently reach over and turn off the machine that is playing this tape. After you turn off the machine, you will go into a very deep and very relaxed state of natural, normal sleep.
Red/orange ... slowly, calmly, easily and gently going into deep, normal sleep.
Yellow/green ... every nerve and muscle in your body is loose and limp and relaxed, as you go deeper and deeper into natural sleep.
Blue ... from head to toe you feel good, you feel perfect in every way, you go deeper and deeper into natural sleep.
Purple/lavender ... your mind and your body are now going into a very deep and healthful slumber. You feel good, and at the next colour, you gently and easily, without disturbing your restful slumber, reach over and turn off your machine, then you go into deep restful and natural sleep for the entire night.
White ... easily and gently now reach over and turn off your machine that is playing this tape. Sleep now. Sleep now. Sleep now.
Self Confidence
You now become aware of the self confidence within you. You are self reliant, self confident and filled with independence and determination.
You have opened your mind to the inner security that was laying dormant within you. You are transformed ... you are self confident. You think confidently, you talk confidently, and you project an image of self confidence. You are independent and filled with inner security. You are self confident internally and externally. You inner confidence has emerged.
You are creating a new positive reality. You now experience all the warmth and joy in life while detaching from the negativity. From this moment on you see the positive side of everything that happens in your life.
You see positive opportunities in everything you experience. You positive thinking now results in a more positive life. You experience a feeling of overall well-being and mental calm.
You are at peace with yourself, the world, and everyone in it. Each and every day you experience more and more positive results of your positive thinking. Your self esteem is increasing. Your self confidence is increasing. You feel enthusiastic about your life and look forward to the challenges.
You now breathe life with new optimism ... with new enthusiasm. A happy, self assured inner you has emerged. You are a positive individual who sees the problems only as opportunities.
You are patient, calm and harmoniously centred at all times. You let go of all fear-based emotions such as blame, jealousy, guilt, anger and possessiveness.
These negative emotions are now part of your past and you use them only as building blocks for a more positive future. You are independent and self responsible and you fully realize that you are unlimited in you ability to create your own reality
You keep your mind like calm water. You remain centred at all times; this means to be physically relaxed, emotionally calm, mentally focused and alert. You are confident and secure about everything. You maintain a calm mind and you think only positive thoughts. You no longer worry about things you cannot change. You are confident and secure, mentally at peace.
Relaxation Techniques
Relaxation is just about the most natural thing that anyone could experience. It is also an experience which by definition requires the absence of any effort. Because of its essentially natural and effortless nature, it seems almost paradoxical to suggest that relaxation is a skill that can be acquired and developed through regular practice. Practising the art of relaxation in order to become more proficient at it, is however no more paradoxical than practising any other art or skill. You should be prepared to practice at least twice a week.
To start with, you probably only need five to ten minutes per session. But when you have successfully completed the preliminary exercises, the second stage sessions will require you to devote something like twenty minutes per session. This is what you do. Simply lie back on whatever you have decided to relax upon, ensure that you are completely comfortable. Allow your eyes to focus on some spot just above your forehead and simply let your mind and body slow down. Do not try to make anything happen or do anything other than allow yourself to rest comfortably with your arms laying loose by your sides and your hands open.
If your eyes begin to feel tired or watery, just let them close, but if they are more comfortable remaining open, then allow them to do so. Your only objective at this stage, is to let your mind and body slow down and that will occur automatically, without you trying to make it happen. You’ll probably start to notice sensations of tiredness of which you were not previously conscious. Explore these feelings and begin to experience where they are situated. Feel the sensations in the various muscle groups of the arms, legs, neck, shoulders, back and stomach. A little while of allowing yourself to experience the sensations in this fairly general way, start to focus your attention on one area of your body at a time. Start with one of your hands. Focus your attention on this hand and concentrate on whatever sensations you can sense there for about ten seconds. Then shift your attention to the other hand and do the same. Next, carry out the same observation of the sensations in your feet, spending about ten seconds on one foot before shifting your attention to the other. After this transfer your attention to gain a similar awareness of the sensations in the various sets of muscles of your face. Consider the ones in your cheeks and the tiny ones surrounding your eyes. Continue by shifting your attention to the muscles of your jaw and the ones surrounding your mouth. Whilst you concentrate on each of these sets of muscles, let them remain as still as possible. By focusing your attention on specific areas in this way, you will find that the remaining areas of your body lose their tension automatically, whilst your mind learns how to forget that they even exist at all. Repeat the cycle of hands, feet and facial muscles, three more times, dealing with any lapses of concentration in the gentle, detached way I have already described. You have all the time in the world and learning to be really patient with yourself is an essential part of the skill which you are developing. Will begin to notice how tension that was present when you first started the cycle of awareness of each area, melts away with each successive round.
The sensations, which were present when you commenced the exercise, are replaced with other sensations and you will become more adept at tuning yourself into the subtle variations with repeated sessions. Follow the same procedure in subsequent sessions but extend the cycle of areas on which to focus your attention to include the upper arms, the thighs, the calves, the shoulders, the neck and the abdominal region.
Eventually, the restlessness and mind wandering which was a feature of your initial attempts will start to disappear and a greater feeling of comfort will be experienced in all areas of your body. An indication of how near you have come to achieving the objectives of the first stage, preliminary exercises is the degree to which you have now developed the ability to distinguish between the very different and distinct characteristic sensations of tension and relaxation.
Further evidence of your progress is the way in which you are now able to direct attention and focus concentration of awareness on any part of your body, whilst all the remaining parts feel as though they have ceased to exist. Whereas five to ten minutes was all that was required for the first stage exercises, you will probably need about twenty minutes for each session of the stage exercises. Exactly as you did for the preliminary exercises, but now you are actually going to deliberately induce tension into various areas of your body. Start with one of your arms. With the rest of your body relaxed, focus your attention on the arm and slowly raise it about six inches above its resting position. Introduce a little more tension into the arm, concentrating your entire awareness on how it feels as you allow it to stiffen and become very straight. Explore the sensations in your fingers and follow them through the rest of your hand, up your forearm, through your elbow and into your upper arm. Switch attention to your other arm and repeat the process. When you have been right through the process with each arm and fully recognised the subtleties of the varying sensations of tension and relaxation in each, go right through the whole exercise again, but this time without raising your arms.
Instead of using the physical process of rising, stiffening and straightening your arms to induce tension, induce the tension and letting go by mentally giving yourself suggestions. Keeping the suggestions at the level of unspoken thoughts, silently say to yourself: “My muscles are tensing. They are becoming more and more tense.” Repeat this suggestion a number of times whilst focusing your attention on the arm which is being tensed. When you are ready to move into the relaxation phase, say something like: “Let go – my arm is relaxing now.” Followed by: “I’m letting go completely.” And: “All of the tension is melting away.” Repeat these suggestions as you continue to focus your attention upon the resting arm letting go of its tension and becoming more and more relaxed. And relieve tension in the legs in exactly the same way.
Physically at first, then mentally, by silently issuing suitable suggestions. After you have completed the leg muscle exercises, explore the sensations of tension and the absence of tension in the small of your back. This is carried out physically by slightly arching your back, holding the muscles tense, then drawing in the stomach muscles. Finally, produce and relieve the tension mentally, using similar suggestions to those used during the previous exercises. Go through the same procedure with the muscles of your face, head, and neck. Focus all of your attention on the experiences and feelings you receive. Carried out properly, these relaxation exercises will produce some extremely pleasant, almost euphoric moments of mental detachment during the periods of rest.
1734-1815 - Franz Anton Mesmer
Although Hypnosis has been around for centuries it wasn’t named with any consistency until - FRANZ ANTON MESMER came onto the scene. Mesmer trained as a priest then as a doctor in Vienna as part of his thesis he wrote about the "magnetic fluid" that pervaded all the universe he had been taught by the priests that any upset of this magnetic fluid in the body would cause illness, a father HEHL supplied him with magnets shaped to the organs of the body that required healing, and if they where placed in contact with the body they would heal that part but unless a CONVULSION was bought about, it did not. MESMER discovered that he could "magnetise" anything, and it worked, he had so many patients he devised the "BAQUET", this was a tub the contents of which he had "Magnetised". what he did was at first called, "magnetic healing", then it was called, "animal magnetism" eventually, referred to as MESMERISM. Very quickly the doctors of that time became envious, called him a quack, a charlatan, an impostor who was taking money under false pretensions. (similar is still claimed by the mainstream medical fraternity today) eventually MESMER retired and moved to Switzerland. In 1784 a pupil of Mesmer, the Marquis de Puysegur, revived his teaching, but carried out the cures in a more normal and healthy fashion. The Marquis, a man of a gentle and kindly nature, aimed at curing not by convulsions, but by magnetic sleep. It is reported that patients came to him from great distances, were thrown into gentle sleep while seated around a magnetized tree in his domain, and that numbers went away relieved of various ills.
Dr John Elliotson became interested in Hypnotism in 1837, he was at that time one of the foremost physicians in London and President of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Societies. He availed himself of his position on the staff of University College Hospital to use mesmerism in treating patients suffering from various diseases, and had special success in treating hysteria and allied nervous states. Soon, however, a storm of opposition was raised by his colleagues, who heaped ridicule upon him and finally made matters so uncomfortable that Elliotson was called upon by the hospital authorities to desist from using mesmerism. The College Hospital London banned all mesmeric treatment, although the hospital had been set up FOR JUST THAT PURPOSE. ( it is still banned to this day).
1796 - 1860 .- Dr James Braid
Many other mesmeric hospitals where set up in the UK and around the world, it was at one of these in Manchester that a Dr James BRAID attended a public performance by Charles Lafontaine (a Swiss Magnetiser!). He was so enthralled that he set out to discover more about the subject, at first trying to prove Lafontaine to be a charlatan but after much experimentation with members of his family, friends and household staff, he concluded that the subjects went into a form of sleep the correct way to describe it was as HYPNOSIS ! (after HYPNOS the Greek god of sleep and dreams) that was how the name HYPNOTISM came about. It was about this time that the names Mesmerism and Animal Magnetism declined; it was discovered that suggestion, was the apparent cause of hypnosis. So when he discovered that you were not actually asleep (or hypnos) when hypnotised , he wanted to change it to "Monoideism", but Braid's terms of "Hypnosis" and "Hypnotism" had already become widely accepted as the new name for this phenomena in all the major European languages so it was to late. Braid discovered that getting a subject to gaze at a bright object held above the subjects head, induced hypnosis more quickly.
1823-1904 Liebault
The French schools of hypnosis had Charcot and Liebault, Charcot said that all subjects were Hysterics, that lie is often repeated today by those who want to decry hypnosis. Liebault proved that this was wrong and that the more normal and the higher intelligent you were the easier it was to place the subject into a hypnotic trance. Liebault did not use a 'bright object' held above the eyes as a method of inducing trance - Instead he was the first person to use - "Look in to my Eyes" he would then use suggestions of tiredness etc and then would use Curative Suggestion which varied depending on the nature of ailment. He would accept no fees, lest it should be said that he practiced hypnotism in order to make money. It is reported that he said to his patients: "If you want drugs I will give them, but you will have to pay me; if you will allow me to hypnotize you, I will do it for nothing." LIEBAULT must be regarded as the founder of all modern psycho-therapy. Bernhiem a pupil of Liebault, discovered that most hypnotic cures could be carried out in the waking state (that is the period just before a subject went into the sleep trance state).
1856-1939 Sigmund Freud